Coffee has become an integral part of modern life. Whether you are a coffee lover or a beginner, understanding the different types of coffee beans can help you better appreciate and select coffee. In this article, we will discuss the types of coffee beans, their characteristics and the factors that affect them, so that you can become a coffee bean expert.
The main types of coffee beans
There are hundreds of varieties of coffee trees in the world, but the main commercial coffee bean varieties can be categorized into three main groups:1. 1. Arabica
Arabica is the most popular type of coffee bean, accounting for about 60-70% of global coffee production. Its characteristics include:
- low caffeine content (0.9-1.2%)
- high fat and sugar content
- soft, fruity, sweet and sour flavor
- usually grown at high altitudes
- environmentally sensitive, susceptible to pests and diseases
2.
2. Robusta - a plant with a high degree of sensitivity to the environment
Robusta is the second largest coffee bean type, accounting for about 30-40% of global production.
- strong resistance to pests and diseases
3. Liberica
- a plant with a high tolerance to pests and diseases Liberica is a relatively rare coffee bean, with low yields
Common varieties of Arabica coffee beans
There are many sub-varieties of Arabica coffee beans, the following are some of the most common fine coffee varieties:
- grown in small quantities mainly in Africa and Southeast Asia
1. Typica
- the oldest and most popular of all Arabica coffees.
1. Typica
- One of the oldest Arabica varieties
- Balanced flavor with lemony acidity and sweetness
- Represented by: Jamaica Blue Mountain, Sumatra Mandheling
1.
2. Bourbon
- from the Bourbon region of Sumatra
1.
2. Bourbon
- from the Bourbon region of Sumatra
2. Bourbon
- Natural variant of Tebika
- Strong flavor, creamy or nutty
- Red Bourbon, Yellow Bourbon variant
3. Caturra
- bourbon, yellow bourbon, etc. - Dwarf variant of Bourbon
- Lemon or citrusy sour flavor
- High yield and adaptability
4. Geisha
- from the name Geisha (藝妓/瑰夏)- from the name Geisha.
- originated in Ethiopia and flourished in Panama
- unique flavor with jasmine, orange blossom and fruity notes
- higher price, often awarded in coffee competitions
Factors affecting the flavor of the coffee bean
The flavor of coffee beans depends not only on the variety, but also on a number of factors:
1. 1. origin
The soil, climate and altitude of different origins all affect the flavor of coffee beansExamples:
- Colombia: balanced sweet and sour, with nutty and floral flavors
- Brazil: neutral, suitable for blends
- Ethiopia: fruity or floral aroma, with a refreshing acidity
2. Processing
The way the beans are processed also affects their final flavor:
- Solarization: fruity and sweet
- Washing: moderate acidity, clean flavor
- Honey treatment: sweet and fruity
3. Roasting degree
- Roasting degree - Roasting degree The roasting time and temperature directly affect the flavor of the coffee beans:
- Light roasting: retains the original flavor of the beans, with higher acidity
- Medium roasting: balanced flavor, suitable for public taste
- Dark roasting: increased bitterness, high body
3.
How to choose the right coffee beans for yourself
1. know your favorite flavor: sweet and sour or full-bodied?
2. Consider caffeine content: if you are sensitive to caffeine, choose Arabica beans
3. Pay attention to the roasting date: choose freshly roasted beans, and the best drinking period is within 2-4 weeks after roasting
4. Try different origins and varieties: to broaden the coffee tasting experience
5. Pay attention to the treatment method: different treatments will bring about different flavor experiences. different flavor profiles
Concluding Remarks
Understanding the types of coffee beans is the first step to becoming a coffee expert. From Arabica to Robusta, from Tequila to Geisha, each coffee bean has its own unique flavor and characteristics. Through continuous tasting and learning, you will be able to find the coffee bean that best suits your taste and enjoy a richer coffee experience. Remember, good coffee starts with quality coffee beans, and choosing the right type of coffee beans for you will open up a wonderful coffee journey for you.
